İnsanın Evriminde Taş Aletler

Map: Paleolithic Eastern Europe

 

Map of Paleolithic sites in Central and East Europe. 

White line: limit of the glaciers, 

Dark green line: Mountains,

Dark blue: Rivers,

Light blue: low and high sea-levels

© Berkay Dinçer

Produced upon a digital image of a Europe map.

Photos: Prehistoric arrow heads

Prehistoric arrow heads from National Museum, Copenhagen (Nationalmuseet, København).

Photo: © Berkay Dinçer

Map: Upper Paleolithic Art in Europe

Paleolithic Art in Europe
Thin dark blue line: coastline in the last glaciation
Thick light blue (cyan) line: limits of the main glaciations
Red tones: mural art
Green tones: portable art

This map is taken from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Upper_Paleolihic_Art_in_Europe.gif

No copyright: released to public domain by Wikipedia author Sugaar in
December 2006.

Gorges of the Ardeche

©Berkay Dinçer

A view from Gorges of the Ardeche (Vallon pont d'Arc).

Gorges of the Ardeche (des gorges de l'Ardéche) is one of the most
important area for the Upper Paleolithic cave art. Today it's covered
with forest, but it is known that it was more steppic at the time of
first artists in the Upper Paleolithic.

Famous Chauvet Pont d'Arc cave is located "somewhere" in this area.
Only archaeologists know its exact location.

Venus of Lespugue

©Berkay Dinçer

Venus of Lespugue

This photo is taken in the Huguenots Cave, Ardeche (France). This figurine is a reproduction.

The Venus of Lespugue is a Venus figurine, a statuette of a nude female figure from approximately 25,000 BC. It was discovered in 1922 in the Rideaux cave of Lespugue (Haute-Garonne) in the foothills of the Pyrenees. Approximately 6 inches (147 mm) tall, it is carved from tusk ivory, and was damaged during excavation.

The original Venus of Lespugue resides in France, at the Musée de L'Homme.

Venus of Brassempouy

©Berkay Dinçer

Venus of Brassempouy

This photo is taken in the "İnsanın İzlerinde" exhibition, İstanbul. This figurine is a replica.

The Venus of Brassempouy is a fragmentary ivory figurine from the Upper Palaeolithic which was discovered at Brassempouy, France in 1892. About 25,000 years old, it is one of the earliest known realistic representations of a human face.

The Venus of Brassempouy was carved from mammoth ivory. She is 3.65 cm high, 2.2 cm deep and 1.9 cm wide. Her face is triangular and seems tranquil. While forehead, nose and brows are carved in relief, the mouth is absent. A vertical crack on the right side of the face is linked to the internal structure of the ivory. On the head is a checkerboard-like pattern formed by two series of shallow incisions at right angles to each other; it has been interpreted as a wig, a hood, or simply a representation of hair.

Even though the head was discovered so early in the development of modern archaeology that its context could not be studied with all the attention it would have deserved, there is no doubt that the Venus of Brassempouy belonged to an Upper Palaeolithic material culture, the Gravettian (29,000–22,000 BP), more precisely the Middle Gravettian, with "Noailles" burins circa 26,000 to 24,000 BP.

She is more or less contemporary with the other Palaeolithic Venus figurines, such as those of Lespugue, Dolní Věstonice, Willendorf, etc. Nonetheless, she is distinguished among the group by the realistic character of the representation.

The Venus of Brassempouy is preserved in the Musée d'Archéologie Nationale at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, near Paris.

Venus of Willendorf

© Berkay Dinçer

Venus of Willendorf

This photo is taken in the "İnsanın İzlerinde" exhibition, İstanbul. This figurine is a reproduction.

Venus of Willendorf, also known as the Woman of Willendorf, is an 11.1 cm (4 3/8 inches) high statuette of a female figure. It was discovered in 1908 by archaeologist Josef Szombathy at a paleolithic site near Willendorf, a village in Lower Austria near the city of Krems. It is carved from an oolitic limestone that is not local to the area, and tinted with red ochre.

Since this figure's discovery and naming, several similar statuettes and other forms of art have been discovered. They are collectively referred to as Venus figurines, even though they pre-date the mythological figure of Venus, and are not thought to be representations of that goddess.

The Venus is not a realistic portrait but rather an idealization of the female figure. Her vulva, breasts, and swollen belly, are heavily pronounced, suggesting a strong connection to fertility. Her tiny arms are folded over her breasts. The figure has no visible face, her head being covered with circular horizontal bands of what might be rows of plaited hair, or a type of headdress.

Original Venus of Willendorf is part of the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna.

Lascaux animal paintings

This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons.

Lascaux animal painting

Photo by: Prof saxx
Permission
(Reusing this image)
The author permits further using of the picture for private, public or commercial purposes. The author's name has to be mentioned in a visible manner.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lascaux_painting.jpg

Doğu Avrupa'da Üst Paleolitik Çağ

Neandertal Zekası

Büyü; Paleolitik Çağ'da "İnanç"

İnsanın Biyokültürel Evrimi

İnsanın Biyokültürel Evrimi
[İçindekiler]

Berkay Dinçer

• İnsanın Evrimine Giriş: İnsan Kimdir/Nedir?
• İlk İnsansılar
• İlk Taş Alet Yapımcısı Kimdi?
• Ateşin Denetimi ve Afrika'dan İlk Çıkış (out-of-Africa)
• Neandertaller
• Evrimde Modern İnsan
• Sonuç: İnsanın Evriminde Geçmiş Bitti, Gelecek Ne Olacak?
• Kaynakça

Bu yazıyı kaynak göstermek için:
Dinçer, B.,
2001, "İnsanın Biyokültürel Evrimi", Çapa-Mala 4: 4-9. (PALEOBERKAY ARKEOLOJİ SİTESİ, 02.04.2001)

Bu yazıyı PDF olarak görüntüleyin ve/veya indirin.

Bu yazının bütün bölümleri

Türkiye'de Pleistosen (Paleolitik Çağ) Arkeolojisi

Türkiye'de Pleistosen (Paleolitik Çağ) Arkeolojisi (G. Arsebük'ün yazıları ışığında)
[İçindekiler]

• 1. Giriş: Türkiye'de Paleolitik Çağ Arkeolojisi
• 2. Pleistosen Arkeolojisi Araştırmaları
• 2.1. Türkiye'de Paleolitik Araştırmalar Tarihçesi
• 2.2. Türkiye'de Pleistosen/Paleolitik Çağ Araştırmaları
• 2.3. Paleolitik Çağ'ın Dönemlerine Göre Türkiye'nin Durumu
• 2.3.1. Türkiye'de Alt Paleolitik Dönem
• 2.3.2. Türkiye'de Orta Paleolitik
• 2.3.3. Türkiye'de Üst Paleolitik ve Epi-Paleolitik/Mezolitik Çağlar
• 3. Türkiye Pleistosen Arkeolojisinin İki Önemli Buluntu Yeri
• 3.1. Karain Mağarası
• 3.2. Yarımburgaz Mağarası
• 4. Sonuç: Türkiye'de Paleolitik Çağ Arkeolojisinin Durumu

Kaynakça
Paleolitik'le ilgili her şey


Bu yazıyı kaynak göstermek için:
Dinçer, B.,
2000 "Türkiye'de Pleistosen (Paleolitik Çağ) Arkeolojisi", PALEOBERKAY ARKEOLOJİ SİTESİ, 31.01.2000.

Bu yazıyı PDF olarak görüntüleyin ve/veya indirin.

2.3.3. Türkiye'de Üst Paleolitik ve Epi-Paleolitik/Mezolitik Çağlar

Üst Paleolitik Çağ yerleşimleri Güneydoğu Anadolu, Marmara Bölgesi ve Akdeniz sahillerinde yoğundur, orta ve kuzey Anadolu'da birkaç yerleşim saptanmıştır. Bu çağın buluntuları gerek teknoloji gerekse tipoloji açısından Aurignac olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Avrupa'da görülen ve bu çağa ait bir özellik olan dilgiler ve dilgi çekirdekleri ülkemizde de bulunmaktadır. Aletlerden yaygın olanları yan ve dip kazıyıcılar, deliciler, uçlar ve kalemlerdir [Arsebük 1995:22]. Dünyanın başka yerlerinde bu dönemde görülen bıçaklar ülkemizde yoktur [Arsebük 1998a:74].

Üst Paleolitik Çağ'ın teknolojik olarak devamı olan ve Holosen'le birlikte başlayan Epi-Paleolitik Çağ yerleşimlerine Akdeniz ve Marmara bölgeleriyle batı Karadeniz sahillerinde rastlanılır [Arsebük 1999:46].

Bu makalenin bütün bölümleri